Harmful bugs are appear with increase frequency in greenhouse gardening due to the reduced use of broad - spectrum plant protection products . Most vitrine involve infestations of the hairy bug Lygus rugulipennis , the nettle bug Liocoris tripustulatus , and the green apple bug Lygocoris pabulinus ( physique 1.1 ) .
According to investigator from WUR , the prominent problems occur in chrysanthemum , gerbera , fresh pepper , cucumber , and aubergine crop . In peppers and aubergines , these bugs can lay down themselves and build up a universe . In chrysanthemums , this is still unclear . The bugs fee on industrial plant role , have bloom deformities , heyday abortion , and sucking damage to fruit . Chemical control of these bugs often comes too late and is also undesirable due to the perturbation of the overall biological control arrangement . investigator at WUR explain more . soma 1.1 .
In addition to native harmful bugs , problems have arisen with the organization of exotic bugs . In tomatoes , the Mediterranean bug Nesidiocoris tenuis ( also known as Nesi ) causes many issues . chemical substance command is passing difficult because these treatment also powerfully bear on the predatory bug Macrolophus pygmaeus , leading to other plague , such as whitefly and Tuta absoluta , getting out of control . Another progressively common exotic blighter is the southern green shield glitch Nezara viridula . Most reports of problems fare from pepper cultivation , where these bugs quickly do damage due to their predilection for fruits . This germ is also difficult to control selectively because of the side impression of pesticide on beneficial predatory bug like Orius and Macrolophus . Besides N. viridula , the chocolate-brown marmorated carapace hemipteron Halyomorpha halys is also advancing in Europe . In Italy , this bug is already get significant damage in horticulture , let in burrow - grow vegetable . In the Netherlands , this bug was first found in Limburg in 2020 . Due to climate change , this species could also become install in northerly Europe .
Harmful bugsWith the increase in native and exotic harmful bugs ( Figure 1.1 ) and the reduced scope for chemical control , there is a need to develop alternate non - chemical methods of control . Within the PPP " Functional Biodiversity in and around the greenhouse " ( TKI - LWV 19162 ) , four year of inquiry were conducted on the control of two species of harmful bugs : the hairy bug L. rugulipennis and the southern unripened shield microbe N. viridula .
New non - chemical waysThe aim of this task was to develop novel non - chemical methods of control for both pest bugs . For the hairy bug , the research focalise on predict fly - ins , manipulating the doings of fly - in bug with attractants and repellents ( get-up-and-go - wrench ) , and deploy selective biological agent based on entomopathogenic fungi . inquiry on the southern green shield bug pore on improving betoken with decoy plants and pheromone traps , as well as biologic ascendence with predatory bug , parasitic wasps , and entomopathogenic fungi .
This WURreportpresents the effect of these studies .
